Portfolio Workshop

Here are the slides from the portfolio management class held by the D.C. Chapter of BetterInvesting. The slides are available in PowerPoint and Adobe PDF formats. Also, here are links to the Portfolio Record Keeper reports and the Excel spreadsheet discussed at the workshop.

Performance for 2005

Given the amount of effort that went into research and analysis this
year, the results for 2005 were a little disappointing.  On a
cash flow basis, we finished with a very small gain.  While
that is better than losing money, we did not beat either the
S&P 500 or the Russell 2000.  They were up 4.9% and
4.6% respectively.  On a positive note, we have soundly beaten
the S&P 500 over the past five years and we are almost even
with the Russell 2000.

The table and chart below show the annual return for Moose Pond
Investors over the past five years.  The “Stocks
Only” column only shows the return of the stocks we
held.  The next column, “Stocks &
Cash,” includes cash awaiting investment and monthly
brokerage fees.  As a result, the return is slightly
lower.  As our portfolio holdings grow larger, cash on the
sidelines and fees will have less of an impact on overall portfolio
return. 

 

The annual returns for Moose Pond Investors are calculated using
internal rate of return (IRR).  This method is more precise
because it
looks at actual cash flows.  It better accounts for partner
investments
and market fluctuations throughout the year.  We could have
calculated
annual return using the change in unit value from year to
year. 
However, we opted for the more accurate IRR method. 

The two
indices that we have been using for comparison, the S&P 500 and
Russell 2000, show the total return for each year including
dividends. 
These return calculations do not take into account the actual cash
flows for Moose Pond Investors. 

The Coiled Spring Effect

Market forces are not always rational. Sometimes, a company continues to grow its earnings but its stock price gets stuck in a rut, trading within the same price range for several years. Earnings continue to grow but the price stays about the same. This phenomenon can be observed in the graph in Section 1 of the stock selection guide and also in the table in Section 3 (falling high and low PEs). Sooner or later, the market will “discover” the stock and the price will quickly adjust upward and then follow earnings more closely. Patient investors are rewarded. This is the coiled spring effect.

Three quality stocks that fall into this category are Wal-Mart Stores (WMT), Microsoft (MSFT) and the Coca-Cola Company (KO). They are discussed below. Moose Pond currently holds Wal-Mart.

Jack Henry & Assoc. (JKHY)

SSG and PERT A (11-18-2005) | Google “stocks: jkhy” | Company Website

Jack Henry & Associates (JKHY) is a stock that frequently shows up in screens for quality growth stocks. Using NAIC criteria, JKHY is a buy up to $22.90 (current price is $19.10). Projected average return over the next 5 years is 15.2%. The SSG assumes a 13.5% revenue growth based on Value Line projections.

Jack Henry & Associates provides integrated computer systems and processes ATM and debit card transactions for banks and credit unions. It describes itself as:

A technology provider for the financial industry. That’s the simplest way to describe what we do. But it hardly describes what Jack Henry & Associates is really about. We’re about solutions and support. We’re about building relationships and making things work. We’re about doing the right things for our customers, no matter what. It began as a vision, and it’s become our tradition.

A substantial amount of JKHY’s revenue, about 60%, comes from recurring sales. The company has a strong customer focus. 92% of its customers renw. Its several corporate aircraft are used to transport customer support teams — not company executives. Great concept!

Value Line rates JHKY’s financial strength “B++” and earnings predictability as 80 (out of 100). Its RQR quality rating is 63 — a little lower than the Moose Pond Investors portfolio average. Given the projected average return above 15% and the that fact that JKHY is a medium size company, the slightly lower quality rating is acceptable. Morningstar gives JKHY a rating of five stars and a wide economic moat. It estimates fair value at $23 assuming a growth in revenue of 12%.

Synovus Fin. Corp. (SNV)

SSG and PERT A (11-12-2005) | Google “stocks: snv” | Company Website

We took an initial position today in SNV. It has a projected average return of 18.7% and a RQR quality rating of 70.1. The director of investor relations spoke at the Better Investing National Conference in Atlanta. Two key points from the presentation were that SNV is well managed and the price of banks have been driven down based on concern about bank profitability due to the increase in long term interest rates. SNV has maintained very solid profitability with an return on assets (a key metric for banks) of about 1.9%. Return on equity has been steady aroud 18%. See Morningstar profitability summary below.

Business Description. Synovus Financial Corp., a holding company, provides various financial services. It operates in two segments, Financial Services and Transaction Processing Services (TPS).

The Financial Services segment provides commercial banking services, including commercial, financial, agricultural, and real estate loans; retail banking services, including accepting demand and savings deposits; individual, consumer, installment, and mortgage loans; safe deposit services; leasing services; automated banking and fund transfer services; and bank credit card services. It also provides portfolio management services; securities brokerage; trust services; insurance agency services; financial planning services; asset management services; and investment advisory services.

The TPS segment primarily provides electronic payment processing services in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Honduras, Puerto Rico, and Europe. It also provides back-end processing services to support merchant processing and offers other products and services to support its processing services. In addition, the TPS segment provides commercial printing and related services; programming support and assistance with the conversion of card portfolios to TS2; recovery collections, bankruptcy process and legal account management, and skip tracing services; Internet, Intranet, and client/server software solutions for commercial card management programs; targeted loyalty consulting, as well as travel, gift card, and reward programs; gift card processing services to Japanese clients; prepaid card solutions; and sells and leases computer related equipment associated with its electronic payment processing services. As of April 26, 2005, Synovus operated 41 banks and other Synovus’ offices in Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina, Florida, and Tennessee. The company was formed in 1888 and was formerly known as CB&T Bancshares, Inc. It changed its name to Synovus Financial Corp. in 1989. Synovus is headquartered in Columbus, Georgia.

Portfolio Rebalancing

We are finally moving close to positive territory for portfolio return for the year in spite of or losses in UTStarcom and Pfizer. See year-to-date return report. Pfizer will most likely bounce back, but a recovery by UTStarcom is much less certain. Internal rate of return for the portfolio for the year to date is 0.5%. The S&P 500 is up 1.9% for the same period.

Most companies have reported their third quarter earnings. This is a good time to take a close look at the Moose Pond portfolio. The stock selection guides (SSGs) for all holdings have been revised. Go to the portfolio summary and click on the links for each stock to see the individual SSGs. Also, look at the current diversification report.
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Investors Financial Services

Investors Financial Services Corp. (IFIN) declined 13% for the quarter and 33.2% year to date. It is our second worst performing stock for the year. UTSI is the worst. The drop in IFIN stock price resulted from declining earnings growth. We looked at IFIN two months ago. This is a relook.

On July 17, Investors Financial cut its earnings forecast. The company gave 2005 earnings guidance of $2.30 a share, with core earnings flat with the year-ago $2.09. The company said 2006 core earnings would rise 8%-10%. Analysts had forecast earnings of $2.50 a share for 2005 and $2.98 for 2006. See page 2 of the second quarter earnings report for the companies explanation.

The announcement predictably drove the stock price down, although the market had already discounted the decline in earnings growth with the stock price slowly declining since February. See IFIN price chart. The bottom feeders of the securities bar immediately filed multiple class actions alleging that management had misled shareholders with false optimism prior to the reduced earnings guidance. The filing of class actions under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 whenever a company announces bad news has become a cottage industry that ought to be closed. The litigating attorneys frequently settle these class actions for their fees and expenses and some minimal compensation to the shareholders. Most of these class actions are a wasteful drain on an overburdened legal system and on the finances of the targeted companies.

Morningstar rates IFIN with three stars, a narrow moat, and a “D” in stewardship, and concludes that it is fairly valued at $35. (It’s current price is $32.90). Manifest Investing gives IFIN a quality rating of 64 and estimates a PAR as 21.2%. The Investors Advisory service also has IFIN as a buy up to $53.

The company’s core business offers a wide range of administration services to mutual fund complexes, investment advisors, family offices, banks, and insurance companies. That business seems to be solid although it operates in a very competitive environment. The company’s banking services have suffered the same slow down as other banks due to flatter yield curve and narrower investment spreads. The market has probably over reacted to the news in July. Our current stock selection guide shows a projected average return of 19.4%. IFIN is a hold for now. However, we have four financial stocks, CBH, FITB, COF and IFIN. We may want to consider pruning back.

Price Charts

Here are one-year price charts for the stocks in the Moose Pond portfolio and for the S&P 500 and the Russell 2000. If you click on a chart, it will take you to the Yahoo! Finance page for that stock. The charts automatically refresh each time the page is loaded. Placing the cursor over a chart will show the 5-day chart.

Manifest Investing

Manifest Investing was founded by two NAIC members. Their web site uses Value Line data to estimate 5-yr projected average return and stock quality.

The Manifest Investing “dashboard” is very similar to our portfolio summary. In fact, we borrowed the idea from them of displaying PAR and quality as two of the primary metrics for portfolio management.

Sometimes you will find differences in the value of PAR shown on the Manifest Investing dashboard and our portfolio summary. We use the NAIC stock selection guide to calculate PAR. This requires the application of some judgment. In contrast, Manifest Investing uses a formula that applies Value Line data. Manifest Investing relies on the judgment of the Value Line analysts. Both appoaches are helpful. When there is a significant difference in PAR, we should try and understand why that has occurred.

The Manifest Investing dashboard updates automatically to reflect current stock prices. Our portfolio summary is updated monthly. You might find it helpful to review both. The dashboard link in the “About” section (upper left) will take you to the Manifest Investing dashboard for our portfolio.

PE Expansion & Contraction

When a stock appreciates in value, how much of that appreciation comes from earnings growth and how much comes from PE expansion? (Note: PE expansion occurs when buyers are willing to pay a higher price for the same amount of earnings. The price per share / earnings per share or “PE” ratio increases.)

Clearly, PE expansion was a major factor in the stock market gains that occurred between 1982 and 1999. Crestmont Research has an interesting chart on its web site that shows year end PEs for the S&P 500. The chart is arranged to show secular (long term) bull and bear markets.

Over the 17 year period from 1982 to 1999 (which Crestmont Research and others characterize as a bull market), the average PE for the S&P 500 rose from 7 to 42. At an annualized rate, the average PE increased 12.8%. This is a significant PE expansion for the market as a whole. For the 10-year period from 1989 to 1999, the average PE rose from 17 to 42, an annualized increase of 9.5%. And, for the 5-year period from 1994 to 1999, the average PE rose from 21 to 42, an annualized increase of 14.9%.

During these periods, any basket of stocks that generally had the characteristics of the S&P 500 would have increased significantly in value due to PE expansion alone. Earnings growth and overall market PE expansion together provided some impressive gains during the 1982-1999 period.

There is not much an individual investor can do about PE expansion or contraction. PE expansion and contraction are long term cyclical events that happen to the market as whole. Market PEs have been contracting for the last several years. The current PE for the S&P 500 is around 17. Declining high and low PEs since 1999 can be observed on the SSGs of many stocks.

What does this all mean for the average investors? First, PE expansion is something we can hope for but, like the weather, can’t do much about. Second, PE contraction seems more likely than PE expansion for the market over the next few years and possibly longer. Just look at the historical market PEs. Will the current market PE contraction stop at 17 or continue to 15, 12 or 7, and, if so, when will it stop? Third, the current market PE contraction makes achieving a 15% annualized return even more of a challenge.